Introduction
A
way from the regular theory, that the royal king always had the perfect and
ideal order and decision [1], when he always is depicting as an intelligent and
wise man, making the correct solution against the doubts and uncertainties of
his councilors [2], The pattern is basically that the king makes and
demonstrates his superior judgment by the ensuing success [3].
From
the beginning of the ancient Egyptian history, the royal king must had his own
courtiers and advisors among the great ones [3A,3B], to consult with them,
concerning the vital matters, especially when are relating to the country fate
[4], the literary texts depicted several kinds of councils, whether were
holding at the royal palace or outside it.
The
first witness of holding a royal council was belonging to the 4th dynasty, at
the reign of the great king Khufu, this council documented in Westcar papyrus
[5] (= Berlin Papyrus 3033), when the great king Khufu summoned his sons to
tell him an exciting marvel event that had happened in the past, the texts
contains a cycle of tales within a single theme related to the birth of the
kings who will succeed his line family rule, the episode begins when the king
one day felt with a boredom, so he went around every chamber of his palace,
finding something fun to entertain [6]. The story refers indirectly, the king’s
need to own his close and special courtiers [7], who were emerging obviously at
the Middle Kingdome literary texts (Berlin leather Roll of Senusert 1) [8].
Methodology
The
research is concerned with the texts which refer to the royal consultation
dating since the second intermediate period (Hyksos era) till the reign of the
king Thutmose III, it contains four councils, three of them were held at the
2nd intermediate period (Apophis, Seqenenre and Kamose), while the 4th one
belonged to the king Thutmose III’ reign.
The
research will intend to analyze those councils, the reasons of its holding,
members of the council and their positions, the place of its holding, the full
dialogue that happened between the king and his councilors, and however the
role of both (the king and his councilors) at these councils, as well as the
results and the decisions which had been adopted.
Principle
of Military Consultation in the Second
During
the end of the 12th dynasty of the Middle kingdom [9], considerable
details are indicating an increasing in numbers and activities of the Asiatics
who infiltrated and settled around the eastern borders of the Delta [10], that
settlement facilitated the operation of Hyksos invasion [11], which happened in
the second half of the 13th dynasty of the Middle kingdom [12]. So,
the country was divided into individual parts, the Hyksos invaders established
the 15th dynasty, that predominated the whole Delta region until the
middle Egypt borders at south, while the fugitive king of the 13th dynasty had
to leave and ruled his remaining days of his reign to govern from Thebes [13],
when the local governors of Thebes province hosted him and his royal family
after the fall of the political capital el-Lisht, a short time passed, the
Theban governors had inherited the kingship and authority and were establishing
the 16th dynasty, which began the first liberal operations against the Asiatics
invaders.
This
latter dynasty was followed by a strong family (the 17th dynasty)
whose kings began the true struggle and liberation wars against Hyksos, the
first engagement occurred during the reign of Seqenenre Taa in the time of Ippy
(Apophis) king of Hyksos.
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