Wednesday 30 January 2019

Journal of Veterinary Science Impact Factor-Lupine Publishers


Microbial source tracking (MST) describes a suite of methods and an investigative strategy for determination of faecal pollution sources in environmental waters. They rely on the association of certain fecal microorganisms with a particular host, that ranges from human [1] to agricultural animals [2,3] to pets [4] and wild animals such as gulls [5]. MST is used to appraise recreational water quality and to correlate with human health risk.

https://lupinepublishers.com/dairy-veterinary-science-journal/fulltext/microbial-source-tracking-markers-for-detection-of-faecal-contamination-in-environmental-waters.ID.000103.php

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Tuesday 29 January 2019

Open Access Material Science Journals- Lupine Publishers

Palm Oil Fuel Ash as A Cement Replacement in Concrete by Jonida Pone in Modern Approaches on Material Science in Lupine Publishers

To produce concrete, cement is an essential material that binds together solid bodies but also is the largest producer of carbon dioxide (CO2) emission. Up to 10% of global CO2 emission comes from cement production thus making the sustainability of concrete a major issue that needs addressing. The processes of producing concrete consume heavily on natural resources such as sand, gravel, water, coal and crushed rock, mining of which damages the environment. It is however possible, that energy and cost efficiency can be achieved by reducing on the amount of clinker, and in its place utilizing partial cement replacements/pozzolans that require less process heating and emit fewer levels of carbon dioxide. This study investigates the effectiveness of agro waste ash by-product Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as an alternative material to replace Portland cement (OPC). Experiments were carried out by supplementing CEM I cement by weight in concrete mixes with POFA at 2.5%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% steps at the point of need, with water to cement ratio of 0.5. Results were compared with a control specimen, which was made with 100% cement. The results showed impressive compressive strength, especially at early age; in fact POFA specimens containing 2.5% and 5% POFA replacement displayed greater early compressive strength in comparison to the control, which is similar in behaviour to concrete containing silica fume which is an established partial cement replacement used in high strength applications. The results showed good repeatability and highlight the potential of POFA as an effective pozzolan which could enhance the sustainability and economic aspect of concrete.

https://lupinepublishers.com/material-science-journal/fulltext/palm-oil-fuel-ash-as-a-cement-replacement-in-concrete.ID.000102.php

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Sunday 27 January 2019

Peer reviewed journals- Lupine Publishers


Abstract

Introduction: Although, the medicines have been widely developed at global level, herbal treatments are still used by many patients for both being cheap and safe treatments.

Objectives: The main objective of the present study is to report a living experience of a patient with chronic inflammation of seminal fluid for 12 years.

Study case: We introduced a case of having seminal fluid infection for 12 years. The patient has used several types of antibiotics and developed multiple resistances for antibiotics. The patient and his family decided to look for other therapeutic approaches such as herbal products. We described in this study how successfully the patient was treated.



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Friday 25 January 2019

Material science journal- Lupine Publishers

New Materials: Current Development Under Simulation Techniques by Efrén Vázquez Silva in Modern Approaches on Material Science in Lupine Publishers

In the present short communication, a point of view on the contemporary tendencies in the development of the Science of Materials is offered. And for this, the main lines of research (personal criteria) in this area are considered, linked to problems of great importance for humanity: the care and preservation of the environment, renewable sources of energy and the health of people.

https://lupinepublishers.com/material-science-journal/fulltext/new-materials-current-development-under-simulation-techniques.ID.000101.php 

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Thursday 24 January 2019

Lupine Publishers journals (MADOHC) - Lupine Publishers

Children’s Mouthwash; Commercial Product or Oral Health Guarantor (MADOHC)- Lupine Publishers

Nowadays, when we enter a pharmacy, we come across a variety of healthcare products that come to the market every day. Types of masks, gels, detergents and etc., which may look identical in name and application but claim to be totally different and each has its own user extent. Some of these products are commercial in nature, and some are not so important in maintaining health, and in fact, one’s health is not dependent on them. Perhaps that’s why each of us never consumed some of these health and beauty products, and we do not even know them at all.

https://lupinepublishers.com/dental-and-oral-health-journal/fulltext/childrens-mouthwash-commercial-product-or-oral-health-guarantor.ID.000164.php

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Wednesday 23 January 2019

Multi-Purpose Functional Materials Based on Thermosensitive Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam):(ANOAJ)-Lupine Publishers

Multi-Purpose Functional Materials Based on Thermosensitive Poly (N-vinylcaprolactam) by Emerson R de Camargo in ANOAJ in Lupine Publishers.

Worldwide mortality rates have experienced a remarkable decline in recent decades, a trend that projects to continue over the next years, increasing the older population. As a result of increased life expectance, people are living more and better. Virtually every country in the world is experiencing growth in the number and proportion of elderly people. Dealing with the population growth, its aging and treatments of typical health problems found in older people are just some of urgent demands for near future. Particularly, several developing countries are experimenting a fast transition from young to old population, which is affecting their national health system and families budgets. Getting older bring senior health challenges.

https://lupinepublishers.com/nano-science-nano-technology-journal/fulltext/multi-purpose-functional-materials-based-on-thermosensitive-poly-n-vinylcaprolactam.ID.000102.php

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Monday 21 January 2019

An Overview on Niosomes: A Drug Nanocarrier:(DDIPIJ)- Lupine Publishers






Niosome are non-ionic surfactant vesicles acquired on hydration of synthetic nonionic surfactants, with or without consolidation of cholesterol or their lipids. They are vesicular systems like liposome’s that can be utilized as transporters of amphiphilic and lipophilic medications. Niosomes are promising vehicle for drug delivery and being non-ionic; and Niosomes are biodegradable, biocompatible non immunogenic and show adaptability and flexibility in their structural characterization. Niosomes have been generally assessed for controlled discharge and targeted delivery for the treatment of tumor, viral infections and other microbial illnesses. Niosomes can entangle both hydrophilic and lipophilic medications and can prolong the circulation of the entrapped medication in body. Encapsulation of medication in vesicular system can be anticipated to delay the presence of medication in the systemic circulation and enhance penetration into target tissue, maybe decrease toxicity if specific take-up can be accomplished. This review focuses on components of niosomes, types, the advantages, preparation methods, factors affecting, characterizations, and applications of noisome.



Modification of the SCA Technique:(IGWHC)- Lupine Publishers



As you would be appreciate, the rate of cesarean sections increased from 4.5% to 31.8% between the years of 1970 and 2007. Although the maternal morbidity and mortality have seriously declined within years due to the implementation of cesarean section, reduction of the complication rates has still considerableimportance, and the revision of the technique and modifications will make contributions to this issue, which involves numerous factors. Therefore, I wanted to describe the lower segment transverse cesarean incision technique, which I have been using with quite a low complication rate for more than ten years.


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Friday 18 January 2019

Si-Psa Tape with the Addition of Dolomite (AOICS) - Lupine Publishers


Si-Psa Tape with the Addition of Dolomite (AOICS) - Lupine Publishers

It is well known that tapes on the silicone pressure-sensitive adhesives base are high quality products used for special applications. Due to the excellent performance characteristics such as high adhesion, cohesion and tack, while high chemical and environmental conditions resistance, the choice of the layer protecting the adhesive film is a big problem. Due to this, expensive fluoridated films are used as protective layers. In order to reduce costs, a suitable bending of the protective layer was introduced (limitations of the contact surface of the adhesive film with a protective layer) which reduces the protection of the adhesive film. The introduction of dolomite particles into the adhesive film is intended to facilitate the removal of the protective layer, while maintaining the level of protection at the level of expensive films.

https://www.lupinepublishers.com/chemistry-journal/fulltext/si-pSA-tape-with-the-addition-of-dolomite.ID.000121.php

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Thursday 17 January 2019

A Study on the Soundness of Parent Rocks in Sri Lanka (TCEIA) - Lupine Publishers

A Study on the Soundness of Parent Rocks in Sri Lanka (TCEIA) - Lupine Publishers

Studies on the engineering properties of different rock types provide a prior knowledge on the quality of such rock types as well as potential locations of suitable sources for the industry. The property "soundness" of a material measures the tendency to split into pieces similar to physical weathering during expansion and contraction processes within it. This soundness varies according to the type of minerals in a rock and its' origin. If rocks are using for aggregates for concrete or other applications the estimation of their soundness is necessary. With the aim of that, fresh rock samples of different rock types were collected from quarries and exposed rocks in different locali-ties in Sri Lanka to study the variation of soundness property in different rock aggregates. Samples were tested in the geotechnical engineering laboratory using sodium sulfate solution according to the Standard Method ASTM C88-99a. The rock types were Chranockite/charnockitic gneiss, garnet/hornblende/biotite gneiss, Microcline/Granitic gneiss, Garnet/biotite gneiss, Marble, Hornblende biotite gneiss, Quartzite, pegmatite, pink granite and Miocene limestone. Accordingly charnockite/ charnockitic gneiss shows the lowest loss of weight percentage as the highly sound rock for aggregates. Miocene limestone is the highly unfavorable rock.

https://lupinepublishers.com/civil-engineering-journal/fulltext/a-study-on-the-soundness-of-parent-rocks-in-sri-lanka.ID.000125.php

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Wednesday 16 January 2019

Nano Toxicity: Due to Drug Delivery and Environmental Exposure:(ANOAJ)-Lupine Publishers


Nano Toxicity: Due to Drug Delivery and Environmental Exposure by Suriyaprabha R in ANOAJ in Lupine Publishers.

Nanotechnology is undergoing a vast expansion in materials science, Research and Development. Nano scientists are focusing on synthesis and development of nanoparticles, nanomaterials, and bio nano composite materials. The drug delivery is also a recent development where in bio nano materials are being used for diagnosis of the various diseases. The synthesis of nanomaterials at large scale causes health risk due to the exposure via inhalation, skin contacts and ingestion; based on the characterisation of bio nano materials. The use of bio nanomaterials in drug delivery as well as the environment exposure during the large-scale synthesis of nanomaterials, the bio nanomaterials into human body.The exact mechanisms, chemical reactivity and enzymatic reaction is not well understood, documented, and studied. Therefore, the intake bio nanomaterials via drug delivery or environment exposure amounts to health risk and need to be studied in detail.

https://lupinepublishers.com/nano-science-nano-technology-journal/fulltext/nano-toxicity-due-to-drug-delivery-and-environmental-exposure.ID.000101.php

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Tuesday 15 January 2019

Semiconductor Quantum Dots as In-Vivo Imaging Agent:(DDIPIJ)- Lupine Publishers



Inability to early diagnosis is a major concern for the treatment of fatal disease like cancer. Early diagnosis and treatment enhances the scope of disease curability. The accurate identification, realtime monitoring and targeting the cancerous tissues in a precise manner hold the key for longer progression free survival of a patient. Among different diagnostic techniques, fluorescence based minimally invasive bio-imaging techniques are considered to be ideal to have clear understanding about the physiological processes of the infected tissues as well as to reduce physical and mental stress of a patient. Super-resolution fluorescence microscopy has improved the spatial optical resolution of biological molecules, living cells and tissues with the use of highly fluorescent inorganic semiconductor nanocrystals, also known as quantum dots (QDs), with sizes ranging from 2 nm to 15 nm [1]. These nanocrystals comprised of elements belong to groups II–VI (eg, CdSe and CdTe), groups III–V (eg, InP), groups IV–VI (eg, PbS and PbSe) [2].


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Changes in Skeletal System during Pregnancy:(IGWHC)- Lupine Publishers



Pain localized at the pelvic girdle during and after pregnancy has been keyed out and registered as an entity since the 4th century BC by Hippocrates. Contemporary medical research since the early 20th century has attempted to clarify the spectrum of the different pathologies that this clinical syndrome represents [1]. Up till now, the pregnancy causes changes in spinal curvature and posture remains open for further studies. One of the most frequent complications of pregnancy is low back pain, with 50±70% prevalence [2]. Its incidence is higher in the third trimester of pregnancy, when the most important biomechanical and morphological changes take place. From the second trimester, abdominal morphology is altered by the increased size of the uterus and the weightiness of the fetus, with a 30% gain in abdominal mass [3]. Despite the frequent occurrence of the problem, no explicit criteria for diagnosis and therapy guidelines are available in the literature. The increased size of the abdomen has been linked to a decreased static stability and adaptive changes in spinal curvatures, which would compensate the anterior displacement of the center of gravity, to ensure postural balance [4].



Monday 14 January 2019

A Glance at the Relationship between Blood Chamber and Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel): (OAJCAM)- Lupine Publishers

A Glance at the Relationship between Blood Chamber and Chong Mai (Penetrating Vessel) by Tong Zheng Hong in Open Access Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine in Lupine Publishers

Abstract

The primary purpose of the meridians is regulation of the flow Qi and the transportation of Blood throughout the body. The term Jing-mai ( in Chinese), accurately referring to two words channel (Jing, ) and pulse (mai, ), translated into meridian or meridian In English refers in a whole to the connecting and collective system in the body, which is the key to the diagnosis and treatment in acupuncture and TCM. There are a total of the seventy-two major Jing-mai, which are divided into the twelve major meridians considered to be the most important in acupuncture.



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Friday 11 January 2019

A New Passive bar Damper Device for Alleviation of Structural Damages of Structures Subjected to Seismic Motions (TCEIA) - Lupine Publishers

A New Passive bar Damper Device for Alleviation of Structural Damages of Structures Subjected to Seismic Motions (TCEIA) - Lupine Publishers

Passive energy dissipation devices have been successfully implemented in buildings around the world to reduce structural response, primarily due to earthquakes, but also for wind and other dynamic loading conditions. Passive systems do not require any external sources of power to operate and mitigate dynamic loadings. The focus of this study is to propose a new passive energy dissipation device, called bar damper (BD), for seismic response modification. A brief description of concept, placement, material properties, test setup and loading protocol of the proposed damper are presented. Also, the finite element (FE) analysis by means of FE analysis package, ABAQUS, was conducted to show the device effectiveness on the response reduction under applied load. From the results, it could be concluded that, the device dissipate a significant amount of energy together with a high strength capacity without degradation of stiffness.

https://lupinepublishers.com/civil-engineering-journal/fulltext/a-new-passive-bar-damper-device-for-alleviation-of-structural-damages-of-structures-subjected-to-seismic-motions.ID.000115.php

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Thursday 10 January 2019

Molecular Typing Of Capsular Polysaccharides of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Cases of Bovine Mastitis by PCR (CDVS)- Lupine Publishers

Molecular Typing Of Capsular Polysaccharides of Staphylococcus Aureus Isolated From Cases of Bovine Mastitis by PCR (CDVS)- Lupine Publishers

Forty five Staphylococcus aureus isolated from cases of bovine mastitis were subjected to Molecular typing by Polymerase chain reaction to determine their capsular polysaccaharide type. Of the 45 isolates, 33 were confirmed to carry a cap5 locus and cap8 locus was detected in remaining 12 isolates. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report of capsular polysaccharide typing of S.aureus isolates from India

https://lupinepublishers.com/dairy-veterinary-science-journal/fulltext/molecular-typing-of-capsular-polysaccharides-of-staphylococcus-aureus-isolated-from-cases-of-bovine-mastitis-by-pcr.ID.000102.php

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Wednesday 9 January 2019

Survey on Pathological Lesion and Its Financial Losses in Ovine Slaughtered at Jimma Municipal llll Abattoir, Jimma, Ethiopia:(CDVS)-Lupine Publishers


Survey on Pathological Lesion and Its Financial Losses in Ovine Slaughtered at Jimma Municipal llll Abattoir, Jimma, Ethiopia by Dinaol Belina in CDVS in Lupine Publishers.

A cross-sectional study was conducted from October 2016 to July 2017 on ovine slaughtered at Jimma municipal abattoir with the aim of identifying main pathological lesions causing organs and carcass condemnation, and associated direct financial losses. In this, 384 sheep were recruited to the study using systematic random sampling and standard antemortem (AM), and postmortem inspection (PMI) procedures were employed. Nasal discharge, tick infestation, coughing, lameness, emaciation, depression and salivation are recorded as the major AM findings of the current study. Accordingly, 47 (12.2%) sheep showed signs of diseases and abnormalities; of which 23(6%) were conditionally approved whereas 11 (2.9%) sheep were unfit and judged to be detained and rejected. In the present study age, body conditions and geographic origin of the animals were considered as study variables, and the results showed BCS and age groups had statistically higher (p ≤ 0.05) rejection probabilities. PM examination findings indicated a total of 192 lesions were encountered, of which 48.9%, 29.2%, 6.8%, and 5.7% lesions were recorded from livers, lungs, GIT, and hearts and kidneys, respectively. During the PM inspection, both total and partial condemnation judgments were passed on organs and carcass appeared with a sign of abnormality. C. teniculosis 58 (30.2%), calcification 36(18.7%), abscess 31(16.2%), hydatid cyst 23 (12%), hepatitis 10 (5.2%), pericarditis 4(2%), bruise 3(1.6%) and nephritis 2(1%) were found to be the major pathological lesions recorded. In two sheep all organs and carcass were totally condemned as their entire bodies appeared yellowish. The direct loss due to the condemnation of organs and carcasses at Jimma municipal abattoir was also investigated in slaughtered sheep, and there were about 56,576 USD losses per year. In conclusion, this study has identified the pathological lesions affecting edible organs and meat, and then rendering them unfit for human consumption. The study also estimated pathological lesions associated direct financial losses at Jimma abattoir. Therefore, further studies focusing on the primary causes of the abnormalities were recommended in the study area.

https://lupinepublishers.com/dairy-veterinary-science-journal/fulltext/survey-on-pathological-lesion-and-its-financial-losses-in-ovine-slaughtered-at-jimma-municipal-abattoir-jimma-ethiopia.ID.000101.php

https://lupinepublishers.com/dairy-veterinary-science-journal/abstracts/survey-on-pathological-lesion-and-its-financial-losses-in-ovine-slaughtered-at-jimma-municipal-abattoir-jimma-ethiopia.ID.000101.php

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Monday 7 January 2019

Audiological Characteristics of Individuals with Hearing Loss in Otolaryngology Setup: a Retrospective Study in India:(IGWHC)-Lupine Publishers



Introduction: Hearing loss is hidden disability. Audio logical characteristics of hearing loss varies depending on age, gender, geographical location, socioeconomic status, occupational and other causative factors may interact with each other.
Aim: The present study aimed at exploring the audio logical characteristics of patients across the age range in both males and females receiving services at Department of ENT at Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Medical College, India: A retrospective study.
Method: A retrospective case analysis was carried out by reviewing 1189 registered cases of those who received services from department of ENT at NSCB Medical College. The details of age, gender, degree, type of hearing loss, and management were obtained.
Result: The results indicated that 30% of the patients reported with complaints related to hearing were in the age range of 1829 years and only 7% were below 14 years. Among these 60.8% were males and 39.1 % were females. The majority of patients were exhibiting moderate (21%) hearing loss followed by mild (18.2%). A significant number of patients (18.4%) do exhibited normal hearing sensitivity. The type of the hearing loss in majority of these patients is conductive hearing loss (48.3%) exhibiting flat configuration (64.2%) in the audiogram. Hence, most of these patients underwent medical/surgical treatment (73.8%) to avoid the spread of infection or disease further. Some of the patients with irreversible hearing loss were recommended for hearing aid usage (20.9) and cochlear implantation (5%).
Conclusion: The study focuses on highlighting the details of various patients reporting to an otolaryngology set up exhibiting different type and degree of hearing loss and the respective treatment suggested and team work of an otolaryngologist and audiologist. The study also concludes that awareness need to be increased among public to identify children with mild and moderate hearing loss as the number of children reporting to the clinic are very less compared to the adults. Early intervention has major role in developing the speech and language skills of the children.



Antioxidant Properties and Antibacterial Activities of Leptadenia hastata Leaves Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus:(DDIPIJ)- Lupine Publishers



Leptadenia hastata extracts were evaluated for antibacterial activity and antioxidant properties. The leaf of the plant was extracted with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, chloroform and methanol to give respective extracts. The Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, was determined by disc diffusion method. Antioxidant activity was assayed by the DPPH radical scavenging activity mechanism. The results showed that of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, chloroform and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata, methanol extract and chloroform extracts displayed more activity with 1.10 ± 0.10ab and 0.97 ± 0.06ab than others at 25-1000ppm/desk of the extracts tested. The most antioxidant activities against DPPH were displayed by the hexane and methanol extracts of Leptadenia hastata leaf, exhibiting IC50 (63.44μg/mL) and IC50 (46.80μg/mL) respectively, followed by chloroform, dichloromethane and lastly ethyl acetate crude extract. The present results showed potential of the medicinal plant used by traditional herbal medical practitioners as natural anti-microbial, antioxidant and potentially antiinflammatory agents. The results confirm that Leptadenia hastata leaves extracts can be used as a source of drugs to fight infections caused by susceptible bacteria.



Gut Microbiome and Human Health: (OAJCAM) - Lupine Publishers


Abstract

The human gut microbiota is given as an especially complicated microbial community that are formed to possess a significant impact on human physiology. Additionally, comparative analysis of individual human gut microbiota has discovered numerous methods that the microbiota use to regulate to the enteric surroundings. Infections of the alimentary canal are a significant pathological state for each adults and children worldwide. Alterations within the traditional human gut microflora lead to the event of enteric upsets. Infective bacterium alters the enteric biology and enteric organization resistance. A healthy gastrointestinal microbiota forms a barrier against invasive organisms. Traditional enteric microbes and a few probiotic bacterium will enhance the host’s defense mechanisms against pathogens. They’ll additionally improve enteric immunity by adhering to the enteric tissue layer and stimulating native immune responses. The upkeep of a balanced enteric biology improves the ability to preserve enteric integrity. The cancer patient microbiota is completely different from healthy one, conjointly the chemotherapy received by thecancer patient have an effect on the microbiota and may cause different sickness.


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Saturday 5 January 2019

Advanced Ventilation Systems−Theory, Practice, Limitations and Solutions (TCEIA) - Lupine Publishers

Advanced Ventilation Systems−Theory, Practice, Limitations and Solutions (TCEIA) - Lupine Publishers

The task of HVAC systems is to offset indoor thermal load and/ or ventilation load. Indoor thermal load can be offset by either convective-dominant way or radiant-dominant way. In convective dominant way, system recirculated air (RA) is thermally conditioned in term of temperature and humidity. Indoor ventilation load has to be offset by convective dominant way, in which outdoor air is filtered, thermally conditioned and thus it becomes fresh air (FA) to dilute indoor pollutants such as CO2. FA can be supplied in different ways separately or compositely with RA, which is the main focus of this paper.

https://lupinepublishers.com/civil-engineering-journal/fulltext/advanced-ventilation-systems-theory-practice-limitations-and-solutions.ID.000103.php 

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Friday 4 January 2019

New Insight into Pregnant Women Oral Health Cares:(IGWHC)- Lupine Publishers



The human body is comprised of complex systems, which are interconnected with each other. Because of the way, the human body is made; one organ of the body can have an impact on other organs of it. Oral health affects people physically and psychologically and influences how they grow, enjoy life, look, speak, chew, taste food and socialize, as well as their feelings of social well-being. The oral hygiene measures related to professional level, level of education, and periodontal maintenance. Some studies report that oral health has an impact on food choice and on the intake of key nutrients, causing various nutritional problems. Recent researches on oral and general health have shown a link between the two. With more than 90% of systemic diseases having oral symptoms. These symptoms can include swollen gums, sores, ulcers, dry mouth and more, the following diseases are an example of a systemic disease which has symptoms expressed in the mouth like diabetes, leukemia, oral cancer, pancreatic cancer, heart disease and kidney disease.
Research has also shown that poor dental hygiene and gum disease can directly increase the risk of heart disease, heart attack, diabetes, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis and even stroke. Women with poor dental health have also shown higher rates of preterm and low-birth-weight children. To prevent these health issues, practicing good oral hygiene is very important. Pregnant woman should get into good practices. Regular dental visits, brushing regularly, flossing and watching what they eat are all important steps in preventing dental diseases and keeping them in good health.


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»N2B-Patch« – Nose-To-Brain Delivery of an Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient via the Olfactory Region:(DDIPIJ)- Lupine Publishers







Within the EU funded project »N2B-patch« eleven partners from eight countries aim to develop an innovative technology for the nose-to-brain delivery of an active pharmaceutical ingredient via the olfactory region for the regenerative treatment of multiple sclerosis using novel multi-functional biomaterials combined with a medical device. The four year EU-funded research involves an innovative method of bypassing the blood-brain barrier by delivering a potential multiple sclerosis drug with a special medical device via the nose directly to the brain. 


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