Lupine Publishers- Environmental and Soil Science Journal
Abstract
This article examines the current state of soil and water resources,
farmland t.ch.i Azerbaijan Republic , the problem of progressive
water and wind soil degradation , the need for the organization of
agriculture , taking into account the introduction of automated
control systems for irrigation using water saving technology and
hardware equipment in it, the study of the characteristics and
analysis of experience implementing measures to stabilize ecological and
drainage system of agriculture in conditions of insufficient
moisture areas in the country , as well as basic aspects of development
of environmental reclamation approach balanced, rational use
of a particular system of crop rotation and crop taking into account the
requirements of economic development and environmental
management.
Introduction
The main directions of economic and social development of the
Republic is the characteristic intensify agricultural production. A
powerful tool for the intensification of agricultural production in
the face of his specialization is irrigation. In areas of insufficient
moistening (especially typical for mountainous areas) irrigation
is one of the decisive factors of the cultivation of high and stable
yields of agricultural crops. The purpose of the study: For this
purpose, requires the development of new technical solutions and
the introduction of automated systems of low irrigation of crops
eligible for Ecology and environment Wednesday to improve
their environmental condition of irrigated lands, reduce water
consumption per unit products and increase the productivity of
those or other crops on irrigated field.
Research Methods and Moves the Discussion
Irrigated soil in Azerbaijan covers 1.45 thousand hectares.
It is believed that factors directly affecting the fascination with
crop yields and productivity in this area per hectare of arable
land and agricultural land at minimal cost, labor and funds also
apply automation application. Automated irrigation increases
the effectiveness of all factors intensifying: Chemistry, integrated
mechanization, intensive technology upgrade, etc. It allows you to
create a large zone of guaranteed crop production.
Objects of Study: The object of the study is to explore and
create the correct methods for regulating water use and supply of
plants by means of irrigation in regardless of weather conditions.
To this end, we have developed and introduced into production
design systems of automated management systems for irrigation
of low- Micro-tailings of self-oscillating action, successfully passing
the resource tested test on vydelochnyh soils under Orchard, Lip
Hachmasskoj area on the foothills of the Mountain above level
at an altitude of 600 meters sea with sloping terrain 0.02. (see
the concept of impulse systems rain avtokolebatelnogo actions
with automated controls Figure1. Construction and functional
description of the CMO AY so for operational control of the weather
conditions in the region needed to meet the challenges of planning
and operational irrigation management crop fields at the local
gidrometeopunkte are set measurement sensors with probes for
telemetric measurement taking the readings the main parameters:
a) Wind speed-V analog signal (Titus) with period recording
of parameter values in the cycle of 30 minutes
b) Air temperature-tv, analog signal (Titus) with period
recording of parameter values in the cycle 30 min.
c) Air humidity-Wb, analog signal (Titus) with period
recording of parameter values in the cycle of 30 minutes.
Figure 1: schematic diagram of impulse systems rain avtokolebatelnogo actions with automated controls.
The reading parameter values in the telemetric heskom code
is done smart object controller (to) established in paragraph
transformer via a radio channel which communicates with sensorsconverters.
Ko otschitannye telemetry signals codes undergo preliminary
processing, homogenization and written to main memory, which
stores prior to their taking the readings the communications
controller (CC) that is installed in the premises of the operational
control technology process (ASMO)-operator. For monitoring and
control of electricity supply facilities and power consumption
accounting to ASMO transform point (TP) (see structural concept
of APCS for irrigation) installed transmitters:
i. voltage measuring input) in TP-U (analog signal (Titus)
ii. measurement load consumers-I U (analog signal (Titus)
iii. electricity metering)-Wh (discrete signal integrated-TII
iv. control switch settings (enable-disable consumers)-SS
(discrete signal position SHH).
Report parameter values in the telemetricheskom code is
performed by intelligent object controller (KO) of local wire and
after their initial processing and averaging is written into RAM.
For monitoring and control technological process of abstraction,
clarifiers (wastewater treatment plant) and pumping stations
(devices increase the water pressure in the pipes) installed
transmitters listed in structurally-functional schema:
a. water turbidity in the ponds-m (analog signal loop to read
Titus, 30 min)
b. water level in chambers-ponds-n (analog signal TITUS,
read in a loop 30 min); in water pressure-r installed on
discharge pumps, modular and distribution reservoirs (analog
signal TITUS, read in a loop 30 min)
c. load dimensions electric motors-I (analog signal TITUS,
read in a loop 30 min)
d. provisions of valves-PZ (discrete signal SHH, readable in
cycle 1)
e. power switches) Regulations-VP (discrete signal SHH,
readable in cycle 1)
f. alarms-AU (discrete signal TCA, readable in cycle 1 with
priority)
g. water metering pumps and supplied in the distribution
pipeline-Q (integrated signal TII, processed in the cycle of 1:00).
Soil monitoring and process control of irrigation is carried out
according to the specific fields of irrigation based on measurements
of the agrophysical and technological parameter sensorsconverters:
I. soil moisture VLP-(analog signal TITUS with a 30 min
cycle)
II. evaporation from soil surfaces-Exec (analog signal TITUS
with a 30 min cycle);
III. soil temperature) t°-(analog signal TITUS with a 30 min
cycle)
IV. water consumption irrigation on distribution pipeline
plot-Q-(integrated signal with a 30 min cycle)
V. inclusion of the GKS discrete signal readable in a cycle of
30 s
VI. position switching valves (discrete signal read SHH 30 c).
VII. Report telemetricheskom signal code is performed by
intelligent object field radio communications controller and
after their initial processing and averaging processor is written
into RAM.
Enter Operational Data into the Computer and the Formation of a Database (ODB)
Recorded in the memory controller objects (to) data are
programmatically by radio and wire communications controller
(CC) connected to your computer Tower (PD) (see circuit diagram
system intensity of irrigation and automated controls), according
to the specified rules and written in his memory in the structure of
the telemetry files (see information provision). Computer exchange
programs plays the data from RAM to the COP, transcode them and
writes into the database from which displays them in real time
on the display mnemoshemah, and after linearized and averaging
the data on their codes programmatically are recorded in the
cumulative base structure which provides information, and this
generates a data bank complex tasks ASMO [1-3].
Information Flows of the Automated System of Low level (ASMO)
Before writing to the Bank data stream measurement data
analyzed by specified algorithms and when the results of the
analysis, with deviations from the values specified in the rules of the
installations is operational control (OBU) process. Operating base
control programmatically at the specified in the rules of the cycle is
counted by the management module on technology directions and
if there are deviations in the data records for this activity generates
a control signal to the appropriate the executive body.
Organization of the Collection and Transmission of Data on the Internet Channels
Conditions for Organization of Data Exchange
A. Data Interchange on The Work of the System of
Irrigation is Carried Out Via the Internet: To do this, you
must connect through a computer modem to the telephone
network and earn the right to Internet access through an
Internet service provider. This requirement applies to each
Subscriber. If these conditions are met, the computer ‘ The
Center can communicate with computers on the sections of the
irrigation districts of Azerbaijan and other States.
B. is the site irrigation system, where visitors will see: the
latest system state data, interactive pages, created by PHP
technology, rapid exchange of data and messages in real time?
C. Using Skype 3 users can talk on the phone and when
using cameras to see each other, and when streaming video
programs-view the status of the site. When measurements of
parameters, it is necessary to take into account the dispersion
of available measured values. The value of the parameter, which
can be taken for the actual probability of 0.8, is determined by
the number of repetitions of measurements is defined by the
formula:
n_0 8e, x = 1.64 * 0.001 (SIG_(B)) * ((W(HB)/10 * h) * 2)) +
2.27 (1)
Where is:
n = 0.8
(Tr)-number of retries, the measurements meet the probability
0.8;
m-0.8 (tr)-measurement accuracy (mm)
SB-standard error of measurement, %
b (HB) W (HB)-moisture reserves, mm
When humidity b (HB) in the control layer (h) (a), m.
The Source (start) Measurement of Soil Moisture and the Calculation of the Initial Moisture Reserves in the Soil W0
General description of the Task
Original moisture reserves W0 soil in the active layer defined
by the formula:
d WHB = W (tau)-W (HB), (2)
Where is:
h (a) is an active soil layer, m (it is assumed that the active
layer
of the soil is divided into layers of 0.20 m -0.30), γ is the average
density of soil layer, t/m3 entry in program code gamma_sr, βτ-soil
moisture at field station in% to mass of dry soil in the program code
recording the moment (Veta tau). For automated definition starting
soil moisture reserves come from the fact that the value (Veta_ tau)
is defined βτ measure humidity, it is installed on a stretch of fields
on n0, 8 (tr) measurements (write in code, n_0 8 ex). The measured
values are automatically written to the parameter file Data Par.
dbf data bank on N_ code element parameter belongs (see. (c)
special section ‘ Data ware ≫) [3,4]. To specify the conditions for
the calculation of the value of the conditionally required variables
are written in the job (see. ZADANIE_3 information). Defining the
value of starting (the original) soil moisture deficit is determined
programmatically moisture reserves and necessary rules. Results
of solution of the problem is written to the output document DOC_3
and plotted on the graph.
Description of the Algorithm in Accordance with the Task of Determining Soil Moisture and Moisture Reserves on a Plot of Field Irrigation (see information provision ‘ZADANIE_3)
Searching for Values from the Database (from the Section
Information Management)
Parameter values automatically read from a file Data Par. dbf
on N_ code element parameter belongs; the value of the N_ code
element is read from the file ELEM. dbf on key: SL_SYST + SSYST
+ SL_MODYLE + SL_GROUP + SL_VID + SL_ TYPE. Formation of a
lookup key for N_ code (see instructions to the operator).
a) Select SL_SYST. dbf) from a file system to which the
parameter element.
b) From file SL_SSYST. d bf to select subsystem
c) From a file + SL_MODYLE-module d bf.
d) From the file SL_GROUP. dbf-the group to which an item
belongs measured parameter
e) From the file SL_VID. dbf-element kind of measured
parameter.
f) Of the file item type TYPE. dbf SL_ measured parameter.
If the elements identified by coupling multiple (see. ZADANIE_3,
write Then Each of them is Assigned a Position Number: The item
number is appended to the name through the separator [_] (NAME_1
>). For formed coupling is TLS_X. d bfN_ code. From Data Par. dbf to
N_ code + Z date and parameter name in ZADANIE_3 (+)
programmatically is its ZNACH value for each field. The obtained
values of parameters-moisture content at the specified date, or
BETA_ tau stocks of moisture on the specified date W (tau) for
each section of a field are written to the output DOC. 3 see layouts
output documents ‘ Supply of moisture on irrigation fields ≫
After identifying the BETA_tau moisture or soil moisture reserve
W (tau) is defined or moisture deficit soil moisture reserve[2-8].
Determination of moisture deficit soil moisture reserves and to
stretch the field and if the software is determined by ZADANIE_3)
humidity and BETA_ tau of Data Par. dbf found its importance,
relatively humidity moisture deficit lowest water consumption
BETA_ (HB) is [2, 4, 6, 8]
dBETA _ HB = BETA_ (HB)-BETA_ tau (3)
Where is,
BETA_ (HB)- from SF_ Plot. dbf and Con Soil. dbf; BETA_ taufrom
the 5.2.4.
Moisture deficit values are automatically written to the output
DOC. 3 If for ZADANIE_3 is determined by the supply of moisture in
soil W (tau) and of DataPar. dbf found its value, reserve moisture
deficit moisture while the smallest capacity dW (HB) is equal to:
DW (HB) = W (tau)-W (HB) (4)
Where is
W (HB)-from SF _ Plot. dbf and
Con Soil. dbf; W_ tau-from the 5.2.4.
After Identifying Data for Each of the Specified Sites Field
is Determined; and average value) BETA_AV humidity and soil
moisture reserves generally W_AV on the field:
BETA_AV = 1/n Σ (BETA_ tau) (5)
Where is
n is the number of balanced plots involved per from ZADANIE
_3, 4 entry;
(BETA _ tau) i -soil moisture is relatively dry soil from 5.2. for
each plot.
if defined (W_tau), the average soil moisture reserves the entire
field
dBETA_AV = 1/n * Σ (dBETA_ tau) I (6)
the average value stock deficit soil moisture fields:
dW_ AV = 1/n Σ (dW _ AW) I (7)
Calculated values in clause 5.2.4. are automatically written to
the string < averaging field ... .... >.
i. Defined e in items 4.5 and 6 DOC. 3 bar chart displays the
parameter values ‘supply of moisture on the field irrigation≫
ii. after seeing the DOC. 3 prompted < Will solve the problem
for other fields on this date >. <Д а>, <Нет>. When you type
<Да> < message, type the name of the field and economy in
ZADANIE_3 > ZADANIE and displayed for data entry.
If the database parameter value specified in ZADANIE_3, it
displays an < Value specified in the ZADANIE parameters in the
database are missing. Will measure these parameters? <Да>,
<Нет>. If <Да> then go to 5.2.1. If <Нет>, then the
solution of the problem
of consummated and exit the menu. Before starting measurements
determines the number of dimensions at each site provides the
probability computed value not less than 0.8 at minimum cost of
labour on measuring n_0, 8Ex:
n_0, 8Ex: = 1, 64 * 0.001 (SIG_B) * (W (HB)/10 * h) * 2)) + 2.27
(8)
Where is:
SIG_B-set the value of the standard error in percent; Beta (HB)-
from ZADANIE_3; -W (HB)-supply of moisture in the soil, in mm
when humidity BETA(HB) of the SF_ Plot. dbf; -h is the depth of
the soil layer (mm), which should be dimension. Perform n_0, 8Ex
measurements specified ZADANIE_3 parameter, row 2 on each site
and write to Data Par. dbf to N_ code, Z date, Z time. Calculate the
mean value of the measurements of (make a selection from Data
Par. dbf to N_ code + Z date. Average soil moisture reserve W_AV is
equal to:
W_AV = 1/n_0, 8Ex * Σ (W_0, 8Ex) i (mm) (9)
Where is
W _ 0.8 Ex -the value of the stock of moisture each dimension
selected in item 4.2.6 (If measured soil moisture BETA_0, 8Ex, the
average humidity BETA_ AV as well:
BETA_AV = 1/n_0, 8Ex * Σ (BETA_0, 8) i (%) (10)
Where is
BETA_0, 8 Ex-the value soil moisture for each measurement
computed values to assign:
a) W_AV: = W (tau);
b) VETA_AV: = BETA_ tau and write to output DOC. 3 as in
5.2.1 and 5.2.3 as; 5.2.4.
Filled DOC. 3 is written to the folder that you want to send
through the channels of the Internet. Programmed codes are shown
in a separate annex.
Conclusion
The study identified possible operational solving complex
problems of an operational definition of soil-conservation settings.
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