Lupine Publishers | Journal of Dairy & Veterinary Sciences
Mini Review
The aim of this article is to highlight innovative scientific
research that deserves attention about ozone treatment to overcome
livestock infertility problems. Reproductive efficiency is essential for
sustainable dairy and meat productions and failures in reproduction
lead to economic losses. There are many challenges affecting fertility
in farm animals. Oxidative stress and microbial infections during
reproductive cycle of cattle are important causes of decreasing
fertility and is considered an important challenge affecting
reproduction. These challenges affect the animal during pregnancy,
during or after parturition. The risks of physical damage during the
birth process or at failure to release the placenta after parturition
are often leading to increasing of microbial infections in the
livestock.
In the face of declining fertility in cattle, it can be appreciation and
knowledge of factors that interfere with the equilibrium regulating
reproduction are the first steps of solve infertility problem. The most
common method of uterine treatment is either intrauterine or systemic
antibiotic administration. Major challenge facing many producers is
finding practical, effective ways to improve reproductive performance.
This challenge requires the creation of research ideas characterized by
scientific creativity and practical application. Oxidative stress (OS),
which resulted from all types of stress, occurs when the balance between
reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant is disrupted. Formation
of ROS (in low concentration) is a continuous and normal process of
cellular metabolism but in higher concentration, it affects cell
membrane integrity and functions, damage DNA, lipid and protein
metabolism. Most ROS are formed because of the environmental pollutants.
Antioxidants (including vitamins C and E) and antioxidant cofactors
(such as selenium, zinc, and copper) can dispose, scavenging, or
suppressing the formation of ROS [1].
Ozone therapy (OT) is safe and nontoxic, and therefore should be widely
used in the practice of veterinary and human medicine
[2]. However, in Egypt, ozone therapy is still inadequately used in
veterinary practice. OT with small doses is useful and stimulating,
while large doses are harmful. Ozone, a highly water-soluble inorganic
molecule, is a gas made of three atoms of oxygen (O) with a cyclic
structure [3]. Ozone can be produced by generator which produced through
flowing air at a constant flow 51/min. with 150 electrical volte.
Because of ozone`s instability and short its half-life (40 min at 20
°C), ozone cannot be stored in tanks [3]. The ozonated olive oil can be
stored up to 60 days at 4° till used [4].
As a powerful oxidizer and highly reactive molecule, ozone has strong
antibacterial, antiviral and antifungal action [5]. Intrauterine
irrigations with ozonated distilled water (400ml) with ozone
concentration of 4-5 mg/l are done to provide entire contact with the
site of inflammation and to exclude any damage to the mucous membrane in
different forms of endometritis. On being ozonated the water via the
biluminal catheter is introduced into the uterine cavity and then
evacuated via the same catheter. The procedure can be repeated 3 times
during one session, which is done once a day [6]. Intrauterine infusion
with ozonated olive oil can be used as 50-100ml according to the size of
each uterine horn. Moreover, Vaginal irrigations with ozonated saline
with the volume up to 1liter and ozone concentration of 6-10 mg/L is to
be done daily (8-10 procedures per course) and are to be complemented
with applications with ozonated oil (1-2 times a day).
Finally, the ozone product proved to be efficient in improvement of
fertility in cattle through local treatment of the postpartum uterine
mucosa this is, with the advantage of no milk and meat withdrawal period
due to antibiotic residues [7]. In addition, ozone has been found to be
more effective in the treatment of endometritis and retained placenta
in dairy cows, compared to hormonal and/or antibiotic treatment, with no
negative effect on the host regarding residues [8].
Ethics
This article is an original review article based on previously published papers and does not contain new original data.
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