Drug Targets and its Delivery in Glaucoma -Current Trend and Future Prospects by Rahul Rama Hegde in (TOOAJ)-Lupine Publishers
Topical route of drug delivery always remained a route of choice for
delivering all glaucoma medications rather than systemic route. Upon
topical instillation drug reaches interior tissues of eye mainly
through corneal route and route and therefore epithelial and stromal
layer of the cornea act as barrier to transcorneal permeability of both
hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs respectively. TTanscellular and Para
cellular pathways are the two major corneal transportation routes for
the topically applied drugs. Lipophillic drugs cross the cornea through
transcellular pathway while the hydrophilic drugs cross through para
cellular pathway. For treatment of glaucoma effective drugs are present
mainly beta blockers, cholinergic agonists, carbonic anhydrase
inhibitors, adrenergic agonists and prostaglandin derivatives but lack
effective delivery system to improve patient care and clinical outcomes.
Currently available drugs for ocular conditions need to be administered
two or more i.e. multiple times a day, as well the poor patient
adherence makes the treatment less clinically effective. Studies suggest
that <1% of topically administered drug reaches aqueous humor. Up to
80% of systemic absorption of drug occurs followed by topical
administration of eye drop causing systemic side effects.
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